Primarily forests don’t act as lungs feeding the bulk of our atmosphere’s oxygen. Rather they host rich habitats for most of the biodiversity on our planet and in terms of climate change mitigation they pull carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and aid the cooling of the Earth. In light of trending reports on unsustainable forestry and threats to global tree cover we will publish a two-part article discussing the extent and nature of both monoculture forestry and diverse native woodland forestry. Benefits and impacts to both biodiversity and the environment from the two types of forestry will be analysed.